经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL控制工业循环水中有害微生物的研究

研究了经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL对异氧菌、硫酸盐还原菌和铁细菌的杀菌作用。结果表明,在实验室条件下,其杀菌率平均为99％以上,在pH5和pH7时分别为97.8％和88％。而在现场投药试验条件下为92％以上。可以认为,OACL是一种新型的、经济的高效杀菌灭藻剂。     

FISCHERELLIN,A NEW ALLELOCHEMICAL FROM THE FRESHWATER CYANOBACTERIUM FISCHERELLA MUSCICOLA1

The benthic cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola (Thur.) Gom. UTEX 1829 produces a secondary metabolite, fischerellin, that strongly inhibits other cyanobacteria and to a lesser extent members of the Chlorophyceae. Eubacteria are not affected. The major active compound is lipophilic and exhibits a molecular ion at m/z 408. It is heat- and acid-stable but decomposes in 1 M sodium hydroxide (80° C. 1 h). Fischerellin inhibits the photosynthetic but not the respiratory electron transport of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes. Its site of action is located in PS II. Two other species of Fischerella also produce fischerellin, indicating that the synthesis of such allelochemicals might be characteristic of the genus.     

COPPER SORPTION AND RELEASE BY CYCLOTELLA MENEGHINIANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) AND CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Initial Cu⁺⁺ sorption by Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. (Cu⁺⁺-sensitive) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard (Cu⁺⁺-resistant) was rapid in the first 5 min of Cu⁺⁺ incubation with little sorption after 2 h. On a cell to cell basis, Cyclotella sorbed ca. five times more Cu⁺⁺ from the medium than Chlamydomonas. In MBL medium with EDTA Cyclotella and Chlamydomonas cells sorbed 21.0 and 4.41 nM Cu⁺⁺/10⁶ cells respectively in 6 h with 0.3 mg Cu⁺⁺/l in the medium. Proportionally similar quantities of Cu⁺⁺ were sorbed when the cells were Cu⁺⁺ incubated in MBL + citrate or filtered lake water. Cleaned cell walls of Cyclotella sorbed little Cu⁺⁺ (1.7 nM/10⁶ cells) as compared to living cells (17.5 nM Cu⁺⁺/10⁶ cells) in 3 h. Therefore, in living Cyclotella most of the Cu⁺⁺ taken up must be absorbed by the protoplasm or perhaps by the organic layer surrounding the silica wall. Cleaned cell walls of Chlamydomonas sorbed 3.5 nM Cu⁺⁺/10⁶ cells and living Chlamydomonas cells sorbed 2.6 nM Cu⁺⁺/10⁶ cells. This indicates that most of the Cu⁺⁺ sorbed by Chlamydomonas cells remained bound to the cell wall and probably did not readily enter into the protoplasm: When placed in Cu⁺⁺ free medium after Cu⁺⁺ incubation, Cyclotella and Chlamydomonas cells released 46 and 59% respectively of the Cu⁺⁺ sorbed.     

Complexity of phenotypes and symbiotic behaviour of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizobium leguminosarum</Emphasis> biovar <Emphasis Type="Italic">trifolii</Emphasis> exopolysaccharide mutants

Quantitative in vitro antibacterial activities, i.e., minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), of 12 -lactam antibiotics against Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA101 were examined, in order to identify antibiotics effective in eliminating the bacteria in Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic transformation. The antibacterial activities of -lactams tested against strain EHA101 were equal to or less than those tested against strain LBA4404. Cefotaxime, cefbuperazone, and meropenem had high activities against strain LBA4404 (MBC <1 mg l^–1). Against strain EHA101, however, only meropenem showed activity comparable to that against strain LBA4404. The production of -lactamase was observed only in strain EHA101.Abbreviations CFU Colony-forming unit - MBC Minimum bactericidal concentration - MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration - PBP Penicillin-binding protein     

人源类溶菌酶蛋白6在毕赤酵母中的重组表达及活性分析

利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)重组表达人源类溶菌酶蛋白6(human lysozyme-like protein6,h Lyzl6),对其酶学性质进行分析。根据毕赤酵母密码子偏爱性设计并人工合成h Lyzl6基因,将其连接至含有乙醇氧化酶启动子(AOX1)的p PIC9K质粒构建重组表达载体p PIC9K-hlyzl6;重组表达载体经线性化后电转化入毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,经G418筛选获得高拷贝重组菌株后进行甲醇诱导表达。经甲醇诱导72 h后发酵液上清中酶活性达到最高值,发酵液上清经SDSPAGE检测在14.8 k Da处有重组h Lyzl6蛋白条带,分子量符合预期,通过甲壳素亲和层析可对其进行纯化;采用比浊法测定h Lyzl6酶学活性,结果表明h Lyzl6对溶壁微球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus)有较好的杀灭作用,最适反应温度为40℃,最适p H为5.5,其酶活力为54 700U/mg,Cu2+对其活性有明显抑制,EC50为30.2799 mg/L。采用基因工程方法首次在毕赤酵母GS115成功表达了重组h Lyzl6,证实其在体外具有杀菌活性,初步揭示h Lyzl6在男性生殖系统先天性免疫中发挥了一定作用,为进一步研究h Lyzl6的功能和应用开发奠定了基础。     

A Survey of Phytotoxic Microbial and Plant Metabolites as Potential Natural Products for Pest Management

Phytotoxic microbial metabolites produced by certain phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, and a group of phytotoxic plant metabolites including Amaryllidacea alkaloids and some derivatives of these compounds were evaluated for algicide, bactericide, insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide activities in order to discover natural compounds for potential use in the management and control of several important agricultural and household structural pests. Among the various compounds evaluated: i) ophiobolin A was found to be the most promising for potential use as a selective algicide; ii) ungeremine was discovered to be bactericidal against certain species of fish pathogenic bacteria; iii) cycasin caused significant mortality in termites; iv) cavoxin, ophiobolin A, and sphaeropsidin A were most active towards species of plant pathogenic fungi; and v) lycorine and some of its analogues (1‐O‐acetyllycorine and lycorine chlorohydrate) were highly phytotoxic in the herbicide bioassay. Our results further demonstrated that plants and microbes can provide a diverse and natural source of compounds with potential use as pesticides.     

Bactericidal silver ion delivery into hydrophobic coatings with surfactants

A much studied oil-soluble surfactant, bis[2-ethylhexyl]sulfosuccinate, sodium salt, was ion exchanged into the silver ion form and dissolved into microemulsions of immiscible polyurethane step monomers. Coating and curing of these microemulsions produced polyurethane coatings that exhibit bactericidal activity against representative Gram negative bacteria. After 24 h exposure, 0.006–0.012% weight Ag relative to coating weight (0.0013–0.0025 μmol Ag/cm²) results in the three-log reduction in Escherichia coli. A slightly higher level of 0.031% weight Ag relative to coating weight (0.006 μmol Ag/cm²) killed all of the E. coli after 12 h exposure. Similar results were obtained for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since the double-tail surfactant anion promotes reverse micelle formation in many different kinds of oils and solvents, it appears an excellent vector for incorporating low and effective amounts of silver ion into many industrial, hospital, and household coating formulations.     

人乳头瘤病毒L1基因与丹毒丝菌SpaA-N优势抗原表位序列的嵌合重组质粒构建及活性鉴定

为确定丹毒丝菌表面保护性抗原A的N-末端(SpaA-N)优势抗原表位,研发新型表位DNA嵌合疫苗,利用生物信息学软件对丹毒丝菌SpaA-N的优势B细胞抗原表位进行预测,以重叠PCR将优势表位插入人乳头瘤病毒16型的主要衣壳蛋白( HPV-16 LI) HI环结构的编码序列中,构建获得重组嵌合质粒pcDNA3-HPV-LI -△spaA.该重组质粒经体内、外瞬时特染后,RT-PCR均扩增获得了1 500 bp左右的目的片段.免疫印迹试验显示,体外转染嵌合质粒的细胞总蛋白能够与GST-SpaA-N重组蛋白免疫血清在56 kD处产生特异性结合.ELISA分析显示嵌合质粒可在小鼠体内产生差异显著的特异性抗体(P＜0.01),抗体滴度为1:1 000.此外,pcDNA3-HPV-L1-△spaA制备的抗血清至少可在1∶10稀释度条件下,介导外源补体对半数以上的菌体进行杀伤.该研究表明,获得的SpaA-N表位DNA嵌合疫苗具有免疫活性,为研发安全有效的丹毒丝菌新型DNA疫苗提供了一个新思路.     

不同类型铜合金板的杀菌特性

【目的】微生物对可接触表面的污染给公共卫生带来了极大的威胁。利用具有杀菌特性的铜及铜合金代替不锈钢等制品,可以降低消毒剂的使用和细菌的传播。【方法】通过分析3株金黄色葡萄球菌和2株大肠杆菌在铜及铜合金平板上的存活时间,对不同类型铜合金的杀菌特性进行了探索。【结果】铜合金平板的杀菌能力与其铜含量成正比;铜合金对同属细菌的杀菌能力相近,对不同属细菌则有一定差异;铜合金的杀菌效率与细菌对Cu2+抗性没有直接联系;铜合金杀菌的效率与细菌的细胞壁结构可能有很大关联。【结论】铜及铜合金是较好的杀菌材料。     

Optical, bactericidal and water repellent properties of electrospun nano-composite membranes of cellulose acetate and ZnO

In this report, ZnO nanoparticles embedded cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous membrane with multifunctional properties have been prepared through electrospinning method. The morphology of the electrospun composite membrane was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the polymer concentration in the solution has a significant effect on the morphology of the fibers. The optical property of the sample was tested using Photo Luminescence (PL) spectra. There is no significant change in the emission features of cellulose acetate with the addition of ZnO. The anti-bacterial property of the sample was studied using disc diffusion method. The wettability of the pure and composite fibrous membrane was also studied by measuring the contact angle of water on the membrane. It was observed that the embedded ZnO in the CA was responsible for the hydrophobic nature of the surface.